PD Module 5: Students working collaboratively
If students are to make sense of scientific and mathematical concepts, then they will need opportunities to share, discuss and work together. However, just having the students work and talk together may not be enough to evoke student interactions that will be beneficial for learning. This professional development module considers how teachers could promote high quality cooperative work in their classrooms.
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Potential for PD
Research has shown that cooperative small group work has positive effects on learning, but that this is
dependent on the existence of shared goals for the group and individual accountability for the attainment
of these goals. It has also been seen to have a positive effect on social skills and self-esteem (Askew & Wiliam,
1995). However, cooperative work requires student’s attitudes and behaviours that are at odds the attitudes and
behaviours expected during many regular instruction lessons, and the role shift can be hard to attain for both
students and teachers.
Many teachers will worry about a loss of time and a loss of control. The aim of this module is that teachers
will be explicit about their worries, and that they will develop a wider repertoire techniques to promote
student-student interactions.
Characteristics
The basic structure of the module is that first, teachers consider the characteristics of student-student
discussion that benefit learning, and they identify examples of helpful and unhelpful talk; next, they discuss
their own worries about introducing collaborative discussion; they explore techniques for promoting effective
student-student discussion; and they watch and discuss an example lesson on video. These experiences are then
transferred to the classroom, and finally, they report back on the outcomes.
Concrete examples being addressed in this module include:
- Given a trajectory in a v-t graph, what sport could this represent?
- What is the strongest argument for the particulate nature of matter (choose from four options)
Doing the module with teachers will take a first session of about two hours, a week in between for the teachers to try out in their own classroom, and another half hour or so in a second session.
Processes of inquiry
The inquiry processes in this module are structured according to a modeling cycle. The major processed addressed in this module are:
- Exploring situations
- Interpreting and Evaluating
- Communicating results
Materials
Classroom video: "How many school teachers?" lesson
Supplementary materials
- Activity A: Experiencing a discussion - Handout 1: Experiencing a discussion
- Example of collaborative activity: Think like Pythagoras
Install the software applets
These pages require a web browser with Javascript and Adobe Flash Player 9 or newer to use the video and
software.
The software applets can be browsed as part of each module. If you want to install them separately on students'
machines you can download the set (and more) as a Windows installer or as Mac applications. Alternatively,
they are availavble in browser-based format for any system that supports Flash.
- Download: Windows installer
- Download: Mac applications
- Download: Browser-based format for any webbrouwser with flash
Credits
This module has been compiled for PRIMAS from professional development materials developed by the Shell Centre team at
the Centre for Research in Mathematics Education, University of Nottingham. Many of these materials were originally
written for the Bowland Maths project, funded by the Bowland Charitable Trust, or for the
Improving Learning in Mathematics
project which was funded by the Department for Education and Skills Standards Unit.